This effect is apparent in the material standards, which tend to specify reducing levels of yield strength with increasing material thickness. The more steel is rolled, the stronger it becomes. Mechanical working takes place as the steel is being rolled or formed. ![]() The manufacturing process may involve combinations of heat treatment and mechanical working that are of critical importance to the performance of the steel. The alloying elements also produce a different response when the material is subjected to heat treatments involving cooling at a prescribed rate from a particular peak temperature. ![]() The chemical composition for each steel specification is therefore carefully balanced and tested during its production to ensure that the appropriate properties are achieved. Minimizing the sulphur level can enhance ductility, and toughness can be improved by the addition of nickel. However, these alloy additions can also adversely affect other properties, such as ductility, toughness and weldability. The strength of steel can be increased by the addition of alloys such as manganese, niobium and vanadium. While the major constituent of steel is iron, the addition of very small quantities of other elements can have a marked effect upon the properties of the steel. Steel derives its mechanical properties from a combination of chemical composition, heat treatment and manufacturing processes. Factors that influence mechanical properties Durability depends on the particular alloy type - ordinary carbon steel, weathering steel or stainless steel. Weldability is determined by the chemical content of the alloy, which is governed by limits in the product standard. The properties that need to be considered by designers when specifying steel construction products are:įor design, the mechanical properties are derived from minimum values specified in the relevant product standard. 2 Factors that influence mechanical properties.1 Material properties required for design.
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